Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Ending a Sentence with ''though''
This week in a private class a student asked about using ''though'' at the end of a sentence.
Ex: I don't like chocolate ice cream, though.
In this case, ''though'' is an adverb to mean ''however'' or ''nevertheless.''
Also notice the use of the comma (,) to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
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Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Shock! Many English Speakers Cannot Understand Basic Grammar
Where is the surprise?
If grammar is de-emphasized or not taught at all, of course students who pass into the adult world are unable to string together intelligible sentences.
The so-called "War on Grammar" by progressive educators has been successfully waged - sadly, few native-speaking adults and school children can make sense of the English language whether in reading, writing, listening or speaking.
US corporations spend $3.1 billion annually on remedial skills for employees, according to a recent New York Times report.
Some observers mark the decline of grammar with the fad sparked by radical Professor Noam Chomsky in the 1960s - transformational generative grammar.
While grammar was too controversial, so was the traditional method of teaching school children English pronunciation- phonics.
Phonics - associating sounds with English letters - was also deemed "controversial" and reading levels dropped off progressively. Spelling became a nightmare for many who were subjected to the disastrous "look-say" method.
The dire straits of abandoning phonics led to Rudolf Flesch publishing his blockbuster book, Why Johnny Can’t Read. He cannot because he was not taught to read!
Shock! The return to teaching phonics, after a bad experiment for too many years, has revived reading skills among children.
Another slight of hand was when English classes became Language Arts classes and grammar slipped from sight in many American schools.
Now we know more as many knew then there is nothing artful about the dumbing down of students.
Sadly generations of students who are now ill-equipped to manage their own native langauge must pay the price of misguided experiments in the classroom.
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Saturday, June 12, 2010
What are concessive clauses?
A concessive clause is a subordinate clause used to concede a given point in an argument.
The principle concessive conjunctions introducing a concessive clause are: though, although, even though, while, and even if.
Like all conjunctions, concessive conjunctions, which introduce concessive clauses, create a relationship between two or more pieces of information or evidence.
Concessive conjunctions are widely used in academic writing so that the reader can clearly see which of the pieces of information or evidence the writer sees as:
* carrying more weight.
* being more relevant to arguments or topic.
* being worth further development.
As ESL guru Kenneth Beare writes: "they can be placed at the beginning, internally or at the of the sentence. When placed at the beginning or internally, they serve to concede a certain part of an argument before proceeding to question the validity of the point in a given discussion."
Ex: He bought me a lovely gift, [although he can't really afford it] > concessive clause
Ex: [Even though he worked hard], he failed the final exam.
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Thursday, December 10, 2009
Should you avoid grammar using the communicative method in the classroom?
For my entire three years teaching English as a Foreign/Second Language, it never ceases to amaze how teaching grammar is controversial in the profession.
Grammar is the glue binding all the parts of the language together. It should be blended into the course subtly, but not avoided. One needs to know the structure of the language. Poor grammar is often reflected in a student´s poor writing.
While inherent in the communicative - speaking - method of teaching a language is a de-emphasis on grammar and writing, grammar remains a key ingredient in being able to communicate in the language! Knowing the function of the parts of speech provides a framework for conveying information so one is understood.
While grammar is not the centerpiece of a communicative-based course, it surely cannot be avoided. Grammar pops up more often in student questions so best to address the subject head on and avoid any surprises.
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Sunday, November 29, 2009
6 Most Common English Verb Tenses
| Present (I walk.) | Past Perfect (I had walked.) |
Present Perfect (I have walked.) | Future (I will walk.) |
| Past (I walked.) | Future Perfect (I will have walked.) |
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Thursday, November 26, 2009
Top 3 iBT TOEFL Tips
Here are three top TOEFL tips to hold you in good steed:
1) Increase your vocabulary!
A strong vocabulary cuts across all four sections of the TOEFL - reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Unfairly or not, one is judged by his or her word choice. Remember there is a passive and active vocabulary. The passive is used mainly while reading when you recognize familiar words that may not be used in everyday speech. An active vocabulary is the group of words you do use when communicating in line at the grocery store or swapping stories with friends. The Academic Word List is a good starting point.
2) Target and Improve Your Pronunciation Weaknesses
The speaking section of the iBT TOEFL is unnerving for some. That is why it is doubly important to identify any weaknesses in your pronunciation BEFORE the exam. One way is to record your voice on a tape recorder. Is your voice steady? Do you hesitate or use ´´um, um?´´ To score high, one must be confident and express this confidence in their voice. Practice with a tape recorder will help!
3) Know thy grammar
Sure, it´s boring. Many times grammar is skimmed over by well-meaning teachers. However, no doubt about it, grammar is at the heart of a language. Without the rules, how can you drive from point A to point B? Grammar brings order and structure to the language and mastering the basics yields a strong foundation to express yourself intelligently in writing and speech. Knowing thy grammar will boost your score, too!
***
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Sunday, May 17, 2009
The Least and The Fewest
The least is the superlative form of 'little' used with uncountable nouns.
Ex: Juani does the least work of anyone in class.
The fewest is the superlative form of 'few' used with countable nouns.
Ex: Maria has made the fewest mistakes on the test than anyone in class.
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Saturday, March 28, 2009
English Grammar Point: Gerunds in Passive Voice
We often use a gerund after the verbs need, require and want. In this case, the gerund has a passive voice.
- I have three shirts that need ironing. (need to be ironed)
- This letter requires signing. (needs to be signed)
- The house wants repainting. (needs to be repainted)

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Tuesday, March 24, 2009
English Grammar Point: Gerunds follow certain verbs
We sometimes use one verb after another verb. Often the second verb is in the infinitive form.
Example:
- I want to sleep.
But sometimes the second verb must be in gerund form, for example:
- I like sleeping.

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This depends on the first verb. Here is a list of verbs that are usually followed by a verb in gerund form:
- admit, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, can't help, imagine, involve, leave off, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, put off, report, resent, risk, can't stand, suggest, take, understand
Examples:
- She is considering taking a vacation.
- Do you feel like going out?
- I can't help falling in love with her.
- I can't stand not seeing him.
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Saturday, March 21, 2009
English Grammar Point: "-ing" not always a gerund!
When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.
When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:
- Bowling is fun. (Verbal noun - gerund)

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When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:
- Juani is bowling. (is bowling is the present participle)
- I have a boring teacher. (boring is the adjective)
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Wednesday, March 18, 2009
English Grammar Point: "-ing" and Prepositions
A) Are you interested in learning English?
B) Are you interested in learn English?
Well, A is the correct choice.
Why? Because when the prepositions in, at, with, of, for, about and so on are used before a verb, the verb must use -ing.

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More Examples
'I'm scared of swimming in the lake.'
'Thanks for giving me a lift.'
'My brothers are good at playing soccer.'
'How about taking the bus?'
'I'm not interested in reading history books.'
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Sunday, March 15, 2009
English Grammar Point: Using the Gerund
What is a gerund? How do you use it?
The OWL at Purdue University defines a gerund as "a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being."

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Example
Using a gerund is helpful to express oneself in English.
"To use" is the verb while the -ing form "using" is the gerund. When a verb is turned into a noun, a gerund is formed.
Gerund Usage
Since a gerund is a noun, it may occupy the same position of nouns in a sentence: a subject, subject compliment of verb 'to be,' direct object, and object of preposition, phrasal verbs, compound nouns, and certain expressions.
We will examine each case in later posts.
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Thursday, March 12, 2009
English Grammar Point - All together vs Altogether
All together
All together means everyone or everything together.
It's time to practice singing. All together now!
The last time we were all together was in 1997.
Put the books all together on the table.
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Tip: If the two terms can be separated, that's a sure clue that the term you want is all together.
It's time for all of us to sing together now!
The last time all of us were together was in 1997.
Put all the books together on the table.
Notice how all and together are apart and the meaning of the sentence does not change.
AltogetherAltogether is an adverb and means "all in all," "all told," "wholly" or "completely."
That was altogether (completely) too difficult
Altogether (all in all) , not a bad day's work.
It cost over a thousand dollars altogether (in total).
If you can replace the term with something like "completely" or "all in all," you are altogether better off with altogether. If you can rewrite the sentence to use all and together separately, the term you want is all together.
The Bottom Line
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Monday, March 9, 2009
English Grammar Point - Phrasal Verb List
Sometimes it is best to memorize phrasal verbs to become familiar with how they are used in the language.
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About.com has a great listing for quick reference. Make sure to make it a bookmark in your English language folder.
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Friday, March 6, 2009
English Grammar Point: Three Word Phrasal Verbs
If phrasal verbs were not complex enough for intermediate or advanced English language learners, enter the three word phrasal verb.
Some verbs are followed by two prepositions (or adverbs). These three word phrasal verbs are ALWAYS inseparable.
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Example of Three Word (Transitive) Phrasal Verb
1) I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke in on our call.
2) Unfortunately, I wasn't able to keep up on the news while I was away on vacation in Bora Bora.
Note the verb and its two prepositions/adverbs are all together and not separated.
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Tuesday, March 3, 2009
English Grammar Point - Separable or Inseparable Phrasal Verb Tip
If you are not sure whether a phrasal verb is separable or inseparable, ALWAYS use a noun or nouns phrase and DO NOT separate. In this manner, you will always be correct!
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Separable Phrasal Verbs: bring up, take off
- John and Mary brought up their children to respect others.
- Liz took off her jacket before she began the lesson.
Inseparable Phrasal Verbs: look for, set off
- Sara was looking for her books when Juani arrived.
- The Johnson family set off for a wonderful holiday in Bora Bora.
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Saturday, February 28, 2009
English Grammar Point - Separable Phrasal Verbs
In our previous post, we discussed the Intransitive Phrasal Verb whose parts are inseparable and does NOT take an object.
Transitive Phrasal Verbs - Separable
Transitive verbs in general require a direct object.
Transitive phrasal verbs can either be separable or inseparable. That is to say, the preposition or adverb can be together or apart from the original verb forming the phrasal verb.
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Example
1) I picked Bob up. OR I picked up Bob.
"Bob" is the direct object. "To pick up" in this context means to usually drive by Tom's location and take him by car to another location. You do not literally pick him up off the ground...ha.
Notice the position of "Bob," the object. In the first instance it is between the two parts of the phrasal verb. In the second instance it appears at the end of the sentence.
2) They put their hands up. OR They put up their hands.
"Hands" is the direct object. "To put up" in this context means to raise. Again, in the first instance it is between the two parts of the phrasal verb. In the second instance it appears at the end of the sentence.
Separable Phrasal Verbs with a Pronoun
The rule changes when a pronoun in involved.
Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used.
Example
We picked her up at the station. NOT We picked up her at the station.
Note the separation of the phrasal verb with the direct object "her."
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Thursday, February 26, 2009
Grammar Point: Phrasal Verbs - Intransitive
Simply, a phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning of the original verb - thus the "multi-parts."
There are three main types of phrasal verbs. Today we tackled the Intransitive Phrasal Verb.
English Grammar - Intransitive Phrasal Verb
Any intransitive verb does NOT take an object.
Intransitive phrasal verbs do NOT take an object and are inseparable. That is, the preposition or adverb remains with the original verb. Let's look at some examples below.
Example
1) They had an argument, but they've made up now.
"to make up" in this context means to resolve differences and to patch up any problems that may have contributed to the argument. Notice "made up" is all together, not separated, in the sentence.
2) The bus broke down on the way to work.
"to break down" in this context means something is no longer functioning or working correctly. Again, notice "broke down" is all together, not separated.
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Monday, February 23, 2009
Grammar Point: Since vs. For with Present Perfect
Since is used with the present perfect to express that something has happened since a point in time.
Examples:
I've lived here since 1998.
She's been working hard since two this afternoon.
For
For is used with the present perfect to express that something has happened for a period of time.
Examples:
I've worked at this job for 15 months.
Peter's been playing tennis for nearly three hours.
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Friday, February 20, 2009
Grammar Point: The Present Simple
Present Simple
Use the present simple to express regular routines and habits. The present simple is often used with adverbs of frequency.
Example SentencesJohn likes to play baseball. (habit)
Juan eats chocolate ice cream for dessert every day. (routine)
Of course, eating chocolate ice cream could be a habit, too! :)
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